ammonium sulfate

I. Basic Properties​

Ammonium sulfate has the chemical formula (NH₄)₂SO₄. It appears as colorless crystals or white granules, is odorless, readily soluble in water, and forms a weakly acidic aqueous solution. It is insoluble in ethanol and acetone. It remains stable at room temperature but decomposes when heated above 280°C.

II. Main Applications​

Agricultural Sector:​ A high-quality, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer suitable for various soil types and crops. It can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, or seed fertilizer, and is especially suitable for chlorine-sensitive crops (such as tobacco, tea, and citrus).

Industrial Sector:​ Used in the production of chemical products such as ammonium chloride and potassium sulfate; serves as an auxiliary agent in electroplating and leather processing; and is used in the textile industry for flame retardant and anti-wrinkle treatment of fabrics.

Other Fields:​ Can be used as a nitrogen source for yeast cultivation and is also applied in pharmaceuticals, brewing, and other industries.

III. Production Methods​

Neutralization Method:​ The most common industrial process involves the direct neutralization reaction of sulfuric acid and ammonia, represented by the equation: H₂SO₄ + 2NH₃ → (NH₄)₂SO₄. The product is obtained through crystallization, separation, and drying.

By-Product Method:​ In industries such as steel and coking, ammonia or sulfuric acid tail gases generated during production are recovered and reacted to produce ammonium sulfate.

IV. Safety and Transport Classification​

Safety Properties:​ Low toxicity, with mild irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes. Long-term excessive application can lead to soil acidification and compaction. It is not classified as an explosive precursor or controlled chemical for drug manufacturing.

Transport Classification:​ Classified as general cargo. During transportation, it should be kept dry and protected from rain, and should not be mixed with alkaline substances (such as sodium hydroxide or quicklime) to prevent reactions that release ammonia gas.